1.4. Problems of radiobiology at modern stage
1.5. Necessity of acquisition of radiobiological knowledge
2. TYPES OF IONIZING RADIATION, THEIR CHARACTERISTIC AND DOSIMETRY
2.1. Structure of atom. Isotopes
2.2. The phenomenon of radioactivity. Law of radioactive decay
2.3. Types of nuclear transformations
2.4. Types of ionizing radiation
2.4.1. Electromagnetic ionizing radiation
2.4.2. Corpuscular ionizing radiation
2.5. Interaction of ionizing radiation with matter
2.5.1. Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter
2.5.2. Interaction of corpuscular radiation with matter
2.5.3. Linear energy transfer of ionizing radiation and their relative biological efficiency
2.6. Radiometry and dosimetry of ionizing radiation. Units of radioactivity and doses
2.7. Relations between radioactivity and dose of radiation
2.8. Forms of irradiation
3. SOURCES OF IONIZING RADIATION IN THE ENVIRONMENT
3.1. Cosmic radiation
3.2. Radiation of radionuclides
3.2.1. Radiation of natural radionuclides
3.2.2. Radiation of artificial radionuclides
3.3. Generators of ionizing radiation
3.4. The contribution of various sources of ionizing radiation to formation a radiation dose for man
4. CHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INTERACTIONS OF IONIZING RADIATION WITH SUBSTANCES AND STRUCTURES OF CELLS
4.1. Direct and indirect actions of ionizing radiation on molecules
4.2. Radiation-induced chemical transformations of molecules in water solution
4.3. Radiation-induced damages of biologically important molecules
4.4. Radiation-induced damages of membranes
4.5. Structural-metabolic hypothesis of ionizing radiation effects on living organisms
4.6. Comparative radiosensitivity of various types of cells and cellular structures
5. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF IONIZING IRRADIATION
5.1. Somatic and genetic radiobiological effects
5.1.1. Radiation stimulation
5.1.2. Radiation-induced morphological changes
5.1.3. Radiation sickness
5.1.4. Ageing speeding up and lifespan shortening
5.1.5. Organism death
5.1.6. Genetic effects
5.2. Deterministic (early) and stochastic (late) radiobiological effects
5.3. Radiomimetic induced biological effects
6. RADIOSENSITIVITY OF ORGANISMS
6.1. Radiosensitivity and radioresistance
6.2. Comparative radiosensitivity of organisms
6.2.1. Radiosensitivity of plants
6.2.2. Radiosensitivity of animals
6.2.3. Radiosensitivity of bacteria and viruses
6.2.4. Radiosensitivity of phytocenosis
6.3. The reasons of wide variability of organism radiosensitivity
6.4. Comparative radiosensitivity of cells on different stages of their development
6.5. Critical organs
6.6. Effects of low dose radiation on living organisms
7. MODIFICATIONS OF RADIATION DAMAGES OF AN ORGANISM
7.1. Biological radiation protection and sensibilization
7.1.1. Physical radioprotective and radiosensitizing agents
7.1.2. Chemical radioprotective and radiosensitizing agents
7.1.3. Classification of radioprotective agents and mechanisms of their action
7.1.4. Radioprotective agents with prolonged action
7.1.5. Radioblockators and radiodecorporants
7.1.6. Radiosensibilizators
7.2. Postradiation recovery of an organism
7.2.1. Reparation
7.2.2. Repopulation
7.2.3. Regeneration
7.2.4. Reconstruction
7.2.5. Regulation of postradiation recovery processes
8. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF INCORPORATED RADIONUCLIDES
8.1. Biological effects of incorporated radionuclides on plants
8.2. Biological effects of incorporated radionuclides on animals
8.3. Radiation-induced damage of “hot particles” incorporation
8.4. Dosimetry principles of ionizing radiation of incorporated radionuclides
8.5. Prognostication of radionuclide uptake by agricultural products
8.5.1. Prognostication of radionuclide uptake by plants
8.5.2. Prognostication of radionuclide uptake by animals
8.6. Norm setting of radionuclide content in agricultural products
9. RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES MIGRATION IN THE ENVIRONMENT
9.1. General principles of radioactive substances migration in the environment
9.2. Atmospheric dispersion and deposition of radionuclides
9.3. Migration of radioactive substances in soil
9.4. Plant uptake of radionuclides from soil
9.4.1. Uptake by above-ground organs
9.4.2. Root uptake
9.4.3. Behaviour of radionuclides in forest ecosystems
9.5. Transfer of radionuclides to food producing animals
10. FARMING ON THE TERRITORIES CONTAMINATED BY RADIONUCLIDES
10.1. Basic principles of farming on the territories contaminated by radionuclides
10.2. Measures to reduce radionuclide transfer from soil to plants
10.2.1. Soil tillage
10.2.2. The application of chemical agents and fertilizers
10.2.3. The change of plants in a crop rotation
10.2.4. The change of irrigation regime
10.2.5. Application of special agents and countermeasures
10.3. Measures reducing radionuclide transfer in animal production
10.3.1. The improvement of animals feeding
10.3.2. Working out of rations
10.3.3. Application of additives and other supplements to the ration
10.3.4. Organizational measures
10.4. The reduction of radionuclide content in plant and animal production by primary technological processing
10.4.1. The decontamination of plant products
10.4.2. The decontamination of animal products
11. RADIATION PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
11.1. Radiation protection of soils against radioactive contamination
11.1.1. Land-reclamation and erosion control measures on the territories contaminated by radionuclides
11.1.2. Phytodezactivation of soils
11.2. Radiation protection of plants against radionuclide uptake
11.3. Radiation protection of animals against radionuclide uptake
11.4. Radiation protection of the aquatic environment against radionuclide uptake
11.4.1. Radionuclide accumulation in the continental water
11.4.2. Radiation protection of the aquatic environment
11.5. The reduction of radionuclide absorption and accumulation in a human organism
11.6. The role of forest in protection of the environment against radioactive contamination
11.7 Strategies of radiation protection of forest ecosystems
12. USING OF IONIZING RADIATION IN AGRICULTURE, FOOD INDUSTRY AND MEDICINE
12.1. Radiation technique used in radiation-biological technologies
12.2. The application of ionizing radiation in agriculture
12.2.1. Radiation-biological technologies in plant-growing
12.2.2. Radiation-biological technologies in animal-breeding
12.3. The application of ionizing radiation in food industry
12.4. The application of ionizing radiation in medicine
13. ISOTOPIC INDICATORS METHOD IN BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
13.1. Tagged atoms
13.2. Radioactive and stable isotopes
13.3. Labeled compounds
13.4. Indicative dose
13.5. The main ways of using isotopic indicators in plant research
13.5.1. Investigation of transport and distribution of plant elements
13.5.2. Study of the role of certain substances in the metabolism of plants
13.6. Radioactive isotopes in vegetation and field studies
13.7. Radioautography
13.7.1. Macroradioautography
13.7.2. Microradioautography
13.8. The application of stable isotopes
CONCLUSION
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AUTHOR INDEX
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