Фонетика англійської мови (контрактивний аналіз англійської і української вимови)
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1.2. Contrastive Linguistics
1.3. Experimental Methods in Phonetics
1.3.1. Laboratories of Experimental Phonetics
1.3.2. Methods and Apparatuses of Experimental Phonetics
1.4. The Theory of Phoneme
1.5. The Systems of English and Ukrainian Phonemes
1.6. The Organs of Speech
1.7. Speech Sounds
1.8. Phonetic Transcription
1.9. Graphical Representation of Intonation
Part I. Segmental Units of Speech
Chapter 2. Vowels in English and Ukrainian
2.1. Classification of Vowels
2.1.1. The Position of the Tongue
2.1.2. The Position of the Lips
2.1.3. Stability of the Vowels Articulation
2.2. Articulation of English and Ukrainian Vowels in Detail
2.2.1. English Front Vowels in Comparison with Ukrainian Front Vowels
The English Vowel [i:]
The English Vowel [I]
The English Vowel [e]
The English Vowel [æ]
2.2.2. English Back Vowels in Comparison with Ukrainian Back Vowels
The English Vowel [α:]
The English Vowel [ɒ]
The English Vowel [ɔ:]
The English Vowel [υ]
The English Vowel [u:]
The English Vowel [ʌ]
2.2.3. English Mixed Vowels in Comparison with Ukrainian Vowels
The English Vowel [ɜ:]
The English Vowel [ə]
2.2.4. English Diphthongs
The English Diphthongs [ɪə], [eə], [υə]
The English Diphthongs [eɪ], [aɪ], [ɔɪ]
The English Diphthongs [əυ], [aυ]
The English Sound Combinations [aɪə], [aυə]
Summary
Chapter 3. Consonants in English and Ukrainian
3.1. Classification of Consonants
3.1.1. Classification of Consonants According to the Active Organs of Speech
3.1.2. Classification of Consonants According to the Manner of the Production of Noise
3.1.3. Classification of Consonants According to the Work of the Vocal Chords
3.2. Articulation of English and Ukrainian Consonants in Detail
3.2.1. English Labial Consonants in Comparison with Ukrainian Labial Consonants
The English Consonants [p], [b], [m]
The English Consonant [w]
The English Consonants [f], [v]
3.2.2. English Forelingual Consonants in Comparison with Ukrainian Forelingual Consonants
The English Consonants [t], [d], [n]
The English Consonants [s], [z]
The English Consonants [θ], [ð]
The English Consonants [∫], [ʒ]
The English Consonants [t∫], [dʒ]
The English Consonant [l]
The English Consonant [r]
3.2.3. English Mediolingual Consonant [j] in Comparison with the Ukrainian [Й]
3.2.4. English Backlingual Consonant Phonemes in Comparison with Ukrainian Backlingual Consonants
The English Consonants [k], [ɡ]
3.2.5. Pharyngal Consonants
The English Consonant [ŋ]
The English Consonant [h]
Summary
Chapter 4. Pronunciation of Sounds in Connected Speech
4.1. Characteristics Features of Connected Speech
4.2. Styles of Pronunciation
4.3. Reduction
4.4. Assimilation
4.4.1. Assimilation as the Result of Speech Organs Articulation
4.4.2. Complete and Partial Assimilation
4.4.3. Progressive and Regressive Assimilation
4.4.4. Contact and Distant Assimilation
4.4.5. Historical and Living Assimilation
4.5. The Interchange of Sounds
Chapter 5. Syllabics
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Syllabic Theories
5.3. Contractive Analysis of Syllables in English and Ukrainian
Summary
Chapter 6. Word Stress in English and Ukrainian
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Degrees of Word Stress
6.3. Experimental Investigation of Word Stress
6.4. Acoustic Nature of Word Stress in English
6.5. Acoustic Nature of Word Stress in Ukrainian
6.6. Perception of Acoustic Characteristics of Word Stress in English and Ukrainian
6.7. Position of Word Stress in English and Ukrainian
Summary
Part II. Suprasegmental Units of Speech
Chapter 7. Structural and Phonetic Speech Arrangement at the Suprasegmental Level
7.1. Speech Continuum Delimitation
7.2. Phonetic Characteristics of Suprasegmental Units
7.3. Techniques Registing the Intonation Characteristics in Written Speech
Chapter 8. Components of intonation
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Melody component
8.2.1. Melody Perceptive Parameters, its Articulatory and Acoustic Correlates
8.2.2. Melody Graphic Registration
8.2.3. Structure and Properties of the Melody Contour Principal Elements
8.2.3.1. Nucleus
8.2.3.1.1. Low Fall
8.2.3.1.2 High Fall
8.2.3.1.3. Low Rise
8.2.3.1.4. High Rise
8.2.3.1.5. Fall-Rise
8.2.3.1.6. Rise-Fall
8.2.3.1.7. Level Tone
8.2.3.2. Tail
8.2.3.3. Head
8.2.3.3.1. Descending Stepping Head
8.2.3.3.2. Descending Monotonous Head
8.2.3.3.3. Descending Sliding Head
8.2.3.3.4. Descending Scandent Head
8.2.3.3.5. Ascending Stepping Head
8.2.3.3.6. Ascending Monotonous Head
8.2.3.3.7. Ascending Sliding Head
8.2.3.3.8. Ascending Scandent Head
8.2.3.3.9. Level Head
8.2.3.3.10. Broken Head
8.2.3.3.11. Head Pitch Levels
8.2.3.4. Prehead
8.3. Dynamic Component
8.3.1. Perceptive Parameters of a Sense Group Dynamic Structure, its Articulatory and Acoustic Correlates
8.3.2. Loudness Graphic Registration in Text
8.3.3. Main Factors of the Dynamic Component Influence on Speech Prosodic Structure
8.4. Temporal Component
8.4.1. Duration and Tempo
8.4.2. Pauses
8.5. Total Acoustic Energy
8.6. Timbre
8.7. Rhythm
8.7.1. General Characteristics of a Sense Group Rhythmic Structure
8.7.2. Boundaries of Rhyme Groups
8.7.3. Speech Rhythm and the Syllable Structure Relation
8.7.4. Prosodic Means Shaping the Rhythmic Groups
8.8. Sentence Stress
8.8.1. General Remarks
8.8.2. Normative (Syntagmatic) Stress
8.8.3. Logical Stress
8.8.4. Emphatic Stress
8.8.5. Strong and Weak Forms of the Form-words
Chapter 9. Functions of Intonation
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Communicative Function
9.2.1. General Remarks
9.2.2. Intonation of the Declarative Sentences
9.2.3. Intonation of Questions
9.2.3.1. General Remarks
9.2.3.2. General Questions
9.2.3.3. Special Questions
9.2.3.4. Alternative Questions
9.2.3.5. Echo - Questions
9.2.3.6. Disjunctive Questions
9.2.4. Intonation of Imperatives
9.2.4.1. General Remarks
9.2.4.2. Commands
9.2.4.3. Recommendations
9.2.4.4. Requests
9.2.5. Intonation of Exclamations
9.2.6. Peculiarities of the Communicative Function of Intonation in a Polysyntagmal Utterance
9.2.7. Intonation Typology of the Communicative Types of Utterances
9.3. Logical and Semantic Function
9.3.1. Logical and Semantic Function General Characteristics
9.3.2. Function of Sense-groups Division
9.3.3. Function Expressing the Degree of the Sense-groups Relation
9.3.4. Function Expressing the Semantic Relations between the Sense-group Elements
9.3.5. Intonation of the Independent Elements
9.4. Attitudinal and Emotional Function of Intonation
9.4.1. General Characteristic
9.4.2. Functional and Semantic Fields of the Modal Sphere
9.4.2.1. Types of the Language Modality
9.4.2.2. Evaluative Proper Subjective Modal Meanings (Attitudes)
9.4.2.3. Imperative-Evaluative Function
9.4.2.4. Evaluative-Characterizing Function
9.4.2.5. Objective-Modal Function
9.4.3. Functional and Semantic Fields of Emotional Sphere
9.4.3.1. Types of Emotional Manifestations in Speech
9.4.3.2. Emotional - Estimative Meanings
9.4.4. Intonation Means in Emphatic Speech
9.4.5. Typology of Intonation Conveying the Attitudinal and Emotional Meanings
9.5. Interaction of Various Functions of Intonation
9.5.1. Types of Mechanisms of Intonation Structures Interaction
9.5.2. Complex Realization of the Sense Group Division Function and the Attitudinal-Emotional Function
9.5.3. Interaction of the Function that Reflects a Degree of Connection between the Sense Groups and the Attitudinal- Emotive Function
9.5.4. Interaction of the Function of Accentual Prominence and the Attitudinal – Emotive Function
9.5.5. Interaction of the Communicative and Emotional-Attitudinal Functions
9.5.6. Typology of Mechanisms of Different Intonation Functions Interaction
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